In less than two decades, China has become the global leader in electric vehicles (EVs) and
batteries. This was achieved through a combination of strategic state planning, local government
experimentation, and entrepreneurial innovation.
Motivated by serious urban pollution, dependence on imported oil, and vulnerability to global
price shocks, China built a complete EV ecosystem—from lithium mining to auto assembly,
battery production, charging infrastructure, and end-of-life recycling. China now produces over
60% of the world’s EVs and dominates...