The Intelligent Toolbox

Digital Technologies, Innovation, and Skills: Emerging Trajectories and Challenges

Tommaso Ciarli
Martin Kenney
Silvia Massini
Lucia Piscitello
2021

In order to better understand the complex and dialectical relationships between digital technologies, innovation, and skills, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the coevolution between the trajectories of connected digital technologies, firm innovation routines, and skills formation. This is critical as organizations recombine and adapt digital technologies; they require new skills to innovate, learn, and adapt to evolving digital technologies, while digital technologies change the codification of knowledge for productive and innovative activities. The coevolution...

Technology Solutions for Disinformation

Mark J. Nitzberg
Camille Carlton
2021

In response to the disinformation crisis, new policies, practices, and regulations will need corresponding practical technology solutions. This paper outlines five key functions that technology can serve: measure and track offline harms from online information, enable responsible algorithm design and review, label content, throttle the spread of harmful content, and track-and-trace online disinformation to its sources. Fortunately, many of the tools are available and in use. However, they need to be integrated into a holistic system that begins with recognizing disinformation and...

America’s Vital Chip Mission

Laura Tyson
John Zysman
2021

This year’s semiconductor shortages underscore the need for a comprehensive strategy to maintain a reliable supply of components that are now indispensable to both the economy and national security. A successful strategy will have four main components.

This piece was released a Politics and World Affairs article through Project Syndicate....

Explaining the Growth and Globalization of Silicon Valley: The Past and Today

Martin Kenney
2017

The San Francisco Bay Area encompassing Silicon Valley is arguably the most important region in the world for the application of digital technologies to social and economic life. Martin Kenney and John Zysman (2016) have argued that a new economy based on digital platforms is emerging and Bay Area firms are at the center of this development. The current conjuncture is the result of a set of historical forces, some of which are very local and others of which are global and national. The region is the result of an intensely local process even as its firms, entrepreneurs and markets are...

Welbehealth: Case Study Of Adapting PACE Under COVID-19

Mark J. Nitzberg
John Zysman
Amelia Michael
2021

As U.S. national and state policies for elder care evolve, this report offers a depiction of efforts by a provider of the Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)—WelbeHealth—to adapt its care delivery in the face of the COVID-19 crisis. It is meant as an illustrative example of the adaptation of one elder care model, the PACE model, to a pandemic crisis in which remote care becomes essential. PACE providers offer high-touch, team-based care to frail seniors who live at home but regularly visit a center where medical, social, and other services are provided. Through interviews...

Algorithms, Data, and Platforms: The Diverse Challenges of Governing AI

Mark J. Nitzberg
John Zysman
2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses interwoven challenges. Defined as technology that uses advanced computation to perform at human cognitive capacity in some task area, AI must be regulated in the context of its broader toolbox - algorithms, data and platforms - and its regulation must be sector-specific. Establishing national and community priorities on how to reap AI’s benefits, while managing its social and economic risks, is an evolving debate. Digital Platform Firms are a fundamental driver of AI tools: they dominate the playing field and often pursue priorities outside the frames of...

The Next Epoch in Cloud Computing: Implications for Integrated Research and Innovation Strategy

Kenji E. Kushida
Jonathan Murray
Patrick Scaglia
John Zysman
2014

The advent of Cloud computing as the new underlying global infrastructure of computing presents distinctive new opportunities and challenges for Europe. Cloud computing is transforming computing resources from a scarce to an abundant resource, driving a wave of commoditization in previously high-end software and hardware. For Europe to gain independence from US-based global scale Cloud providers, our view is that it needs to move towards a distributed model of computing with federated governance. Distributed Cloud means the distribution of computation close to the geographic location of...

Where Will Work Come from in the Era of the Cloud and Big Data?

John Zysman
Martin Kenney
2014

Will the digital revolution, and its current manifestation in Cloud computing and platform-based work, inexorably lead to the elimination of jobs and work due to automation. Are new opportunities for work opening? Should we be thinking in terms of conventional work or is value creation the key? Certainly, nearly all firms are experiencing intense competition leading to commoditization based principally upon price. In the first section of this paper, we explore the pathways opened as cloud computing, transforms the way both goods and services are innovated, produced, and distributed....

One Ring to Unite Them All: Convergence, the Smartphone, and the Cloud

Bryan Pon
Timo Seppala
Martin Kenney
2015

This paper examines how recent trends in the smartphone industry may be expanding previous conceptions of the industry and its boundaries. The increasing importance of Internet and cloud-based services—which in many ways lie outside the control of the physical device, operating system, and even the cellular network—seems to be changing the roles and strategies of key firms in the ecosystem. Using industry architecture and platform theory, we examine how the key firms seem to be reacting to these new changes. Our analysis indicates that the platform "bottleneck," or key control point, is...

Awaiting the Second Big Data Revolution: From Digital Noise to Value Creation

Mark Huberty
2015

"Big data"—the collection of vast quantities of data about individual behavior via online, mobile, and other data-driven services—has been heralded as the agent of a third industrial revolution—one with raw materials measured in bits, rather than tons of steel or barrels of oil. Yet the industrial revolution transformed not just how firms made things, but the fundamental approach to value creation in industrial economies. To date, big data has not achieved this distinction. Instead, today’s successful big data business models largely use data to scale old modes of value creation, rather...